by Chok Cui Sin and Goh Chin Yue
In economics and finance, arbitrage is the practice
of taking advantage of simultaneous
purchase and sale of asset in different market in order to gain profit from
difference price in two markets. It is an activity for gain profit without risk
as a result of purchase assets at low price in a market and sold the assets
with higher values in other markets. People will differential the market price
and try to buying at cheap currency in the market and sold at higher currency
in other market. In exchange rate arbitrage, advantage is taken of
differentials in the price of a currency in different markets. Exchange rate
arbitrage transactions may be classified in terms of the number of markets
involved. Thus, we may have two-point and three-point arbitrage.
Two-point arbitrage concerns two currencies
in two geographically separated markets. For example, let the spot exchange
rate be £1 = $2 in New York and £1 = $2.01
in London.
Foreign-exchange traders would find it
profitable to purchase pounds in New York at $2 per pound and immediately
resell them in London for $2.01. A
profit of 1 cent would be made on each pound sold, less the cost of the bank
transfer and interest charge on the money tied up during the arbitrage process.
This return may appear to be insignificant, but on a $1 million arbitrage
transaction it would generate a profit of approximately $5000. As the demand
for pounds increase in New York, the dollar price per pound will rise above $2.
As the supply of pounds increase in London, the dollar price per pound will
fall below $2.01. This arbitrage process will continue until the exchange rate
between the dollar and the pound in New York is approximately the same as in
London.
Three-point arbitrage also referred to as triangle arbitrage is
the process of converting one currency to the second currency and convert
second currency to third currency in foreign exchange market in order to profit
from exchange rate. Profitable triangular arbitrage is very rarely possible
because when such opportunities arise, traders execute trades that take
advantage of the imperfections and prices adjust up or down until the
opportunity disappears. The market for three currencies will be in equilibrium
only when arbitrage profits do not exist, which occurs when the direct quote
and the cross rate for each possible pair of the three currencies are equal.
Terjemahan Bahasa Melayu
Dalam bidang ekonomi dan kewangan,
arbitraj adalah amalan mengambil kesempatan daripada pembelian serentak dan
penjualan aset dalam pasaran yang berbeza untuk mendapatkan keuntungan daripada
perbezaan harga di dua pasaran. Ia adalah aktiviti untuk mengaut keuntungan
tanpa risiko , hasil daripada pembelian aset dengan harga yang rendah dalam
pasaran dan menjual aset dengan nilai yang lebih tinggi dalam pasaran lain.
Seseorang pengarbitraj akan mengesan perbezaan sesuatu pasaran dengan membeli
suatu matawang di pasaran yang murah dan menjualkan di pasaran yang mahal.
Dalam kadar pertukaran arbitraj, keuntungan adalah diambil daripada perbezaan
dalam harga mata wang dalam pasaran yang berlainan. Transaksi kadar matawang
arbitraj boleh diklasifikasikan dari segi bilangan pasaran yang terlibat. Oleh
itu, kita mungkin mempunyai arbitraj dua mata dan arbitraj tiga mata.
Arbitraj dua mata melibatkan dua
jenis kadar matawang dalam dua pasaran geografi yang berasingan. Sebagai
contoh, kadar pertukaran adalah £1 = $2 di New York dan £ 1 = $ 2,01 di London.
Peniaga pertukaran asing akan membeli pound di New York pada $ 2 per pound dan
menjual dengan segera di London pada $2.01. Sebanyak 1 peratus akan diuntung
pada setiap pound dijual, ditolakkan dengan kos pemindahan bank dan caj faedah
ke atas wang semasa proses arbitraj. Pada transaksi $1 juta dalam arbitraj akan
menjana keuntungan kira-kira $ 5000. Apabila peningkatan permintaan untuk pound
dalam New York, harga dolar per pound akan menaikkan ke tahap $ 2. Apabila
penawaran pound meningkat dalam London, harga dolar per pound akan jatuh ke
tahap $2.01. Proses arbitraj akan berterusan sehingga kadar pertukaran antara
dolar dan pound di New York adalah lebih kurang sama seperti di London.
Arbitraj tiga matajuga dikenali
sebagai segi tiga arbitraj iaitu Proses menukar satu matawang kepada
matawang kedua, menukar matawang kedua kepada matawang ketiga dan,
akhirnya menukar kembali kepada mata wang asal dalam jangka masa yang singkat
untuk mendapat keuntungan daripada kadar matawang. Keuntungan arbitraj segi
tiga adalah sangat jarang mungkin disebabkan apabila peluang itu menimbul,
peniaga akan melaksanakan dagangan yang mengambil kesempatan daripada
ketidaksempurnaan yang menyebabkan penyesuaian meningkat dan menurun sehingga
peluang arbitraj dihapuskan. Pasaran untuk tiga jenis kadar mata wang akan
berada dalam keadaan keseimbangan hanya apabila keuntungan arbitraj tidak wujud
iaitu setiap pasangan kadar matawang adalah sama.
Thank you for the information and well done !
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThank you for the information and well done !
ReplyDeleteThank you for the information and well done !
ReplyDeleteThank you for the concise information. :)
ReplyDeletewell done!
ReplyDeletewell done!
ReplyDeletegood!
ReplyDeleteGood!!
ReplyDeleteGood!!
ReplyDeletenice !!!! useful information !!!
ReplyDeletei hope can know more details about Arbitrage dan Arbitraj in aspect of economics after reading the article !!
amazing!thx for sharing!
ReplyDeleteWell done..Thank you for the info..
ReplyDeleteWell done..Thank you for the info..
ReplyDelete👏👏
ReplyDeletegood
ReplyDeletethank you for the info
ReplyDeletegood..
ReplyDeletegood.. thx for sharing
ReplyDeletegood explaination!
ReplyDeleteThank you for sharing the information
ReplyDeletegood job! the information is useful!
ReplyDeletenice explanations
ReplyDeletegood
ReplyDeleteWell done!
ReplyDeletegood!
ReplyDeleteThanks for the information provided and well done
ReplyDeletegood article
ReplyDeleteGOOD INFO 👌
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteWell done!
ReplyDeleteVery interesting topic.
ReplyDeleteGood job!
ReplyDeleteLook forward to know more detail information.
nice sharing...
ReplyDeleteGood info
ReplyDeleteWell done
ReplyDeleteNice article to read
ReplyDeleteThis article quite helpful.
ReplyDeleteGood article.
ReplyDeletegood
ReplyDeleteVery good explanation!!!!
ReplyDeleteIs a very good explanation and helpful article...
ReplyDeleteIs a very good explanation and helpful article...
ReplyDeletegood explanation associated with related example.
ReplyDeleteNice job
ReplyDeleteNice job
ReplyDeleteBagus suara presenter, content bagus, penjelasan yang senang difahami . Teruskan usaha anda
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteGood job. I finally know it.
ReplyDeleteNice job
ReplyDeleteGood
ReplyDeleteThanks for sharing :)
ReplyDeleteWell Done !
ReplyDeleteWow, it provide me a fresh and new knowledge!
ReplyDeleteGreat info. Thanks for sharing
ReplyDeleteGood job
ReplyDeleteGood explanation!
ReplyDeleteGood explanation!
ReplyDeleteGood
ReplyDeleteWow. It is a helpful article!
ReplyDeleteThank you for your explanation.
ReplyDeleteEconomics is not only knowledge to be studied, but also an application to be used.
Thanks for your article.
ReplyDeleteIt provide me additional understanding about arbitrage.
Good job!Nice explanation.
ReplyDeleteTeruskan Usaha Lagi.👍
ReplyDeletethx to shre~
ReplyDeleteuseful.
ReplyDeletenice~
ReplyDeletewell done
ReplyDeletegood
ReplyDeletenice
ReplyDeleteGood information
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteWow,is great and thanks for the information ^^
ReplyDeleteQuite clear about it because it is easy to understand
Good job
well done~
ReplyDeleteGood=)
ReplyDeletegood explaination
ReplyDeletegood
ReplyDeletegood!
ReplyDeletegood
ReplyDeleteNice !
ReplyDeleteGreat Work
ReplyDeletehttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/arbitrage.asp
ReplyDeleteJust a sharing~~
Good article with clear explanation.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteGood article
ReplyDeleteGood article
ReplyDeleteGood job! Keep it up!
ReplyDeleteWow! Good article .
ReplyDeleteBravo.....nice article
ReplyDeletegood job =)
ReplyDeleteWell done
ReplyDeleteWell done
ReplyDeleteGood and clear explanation
ReplyDeletegood!!!
ReplyDeleteInteresting article~well done!!!
ReplyDeleteInteresting article~well done!!!
ReplyDeleteClear and good explanation
ReplyDeleteClear and good explanation
ReplyDelete