SISTEM
TUKARAN ASING
Kadar tukaran wang asing atau ‘foreign exchange’ adalah
transaksi yang melibatkan tukaran matawang sesebuah negara kepada matawang
negara lain. Harga matawang di antara dua negara ini akan bergantung kepada
permintaan dan penawaran matawang tersebut. Kadar pertukaran antara
dua mata wang sentiasa berubah-ubah.
Faktor
yang menyebabkan kejatuhan nilai ringgit Malaysia secara spesifik ialah disebabkan
oleh kejatuhan harga minyak dunia dan jangkaan kenaikan interest rates US.
Interest
rates adalah salah satu dasar kewangan yang digunakan untuk mempengaruhi
keseluruhan aktiviti dalam ekonomi bagi memastikan kadar permintaan dan bekalan
berada pada paras yang stabil. Daripada carta di atas kita dapat lihat bahawa
interest rates yang dikenakan oleh The Federal Reserves of US (The Fed) semakin
menurun dari tahun 2006, dan pada tahun 2009 kadar interest rates adalah hampir
pada 0%. Apa yang berlaku pada tempoh tersebut sebenarnya adalah salah satu
tindakan yang diambil oleh The Fed untuk membangunkan ekonomi AS yang lumpuh
kerana Krisis Ekonomi Dunia pada tahun 2008.
Jelaslah
di sini bahawa kita dapat melihat matawang negara lain di Asia juga mengalami
kejatuhan, dan kesemua matawang di atas adalah matawang negara yang mempunyai
ekonomi yang jauh lebih besar dari Malaysia seperti Indonesia, Korea Selatan,
Singapura dan Jepun. Secara ringkas, situasi yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia adalah
sama seperti negara-negara lain kerana faktor penyumbang terbesar kejatuhan
Ringgit Malaysia adalah disebabkan oleh jangkaan kenaikan interest rates US.
Good info..
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