Oleh
Winnie,Mega Izzlin, Norsabihah, Neoh, Ezzah Syamimi
Imbangan Pembayaran dikatakan sebagai rekod sistematik bagi semua urus niaga ekonomi antarabangsa bagi tempoh masa tertentu, kebiasaannya setahun. Kajian mengenai keseimbangan pembayaran merupakan aspek makroekonomi ekonomi antarabangsa. Memandangkan ia berdasarkan pada buku catatan dua kali, menyimpan, imbangan pembayaran sentiasa seimbang dalam terma istilah perakaunan. Akaun semasa, akaun modal dan akaun kewangan adalah tiga komponen utama penyata imbangan pembayaran. Imbangan dagangan, baki akaun semasa, baki akaun modal dan baki keseluruhan adalah penting.
Perbezaan antara urus niaga autonomi dan penampungan adalah berguna dalam menentukan keseimbangan dan ketidaksimbangan dalam imbangan pembayaran. Keseimbangan dalam IP bermakna penerimaan autonomi adalah sama dengan pembayaran autonomi. Manakala ketidakseimbangan dalam IP bermakna penerimaan autonomi tidak sama dengan pembayaran autonomi. Apabila penerimaan autonomi lebih besar daripada pembayaran autonomi terdapat lebihan dalam IP, dan apabila penerimaan autonomi kurang daripada pembayaran autonomi terdapat kurangan dalam IP. Ketidakseimbangan dalam IP boleh dalam bentuk sementara, asas, kitaran dan struktur. Ketidakseimbangan dalam IP adalah disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor ekonomi, sosial dan politik. Ketidakseimbangan dalam bentuk kurangan adalah perkara yang serius terhadap sesebuah negara. Oleh itu, jika negara mempunyai kurangan dalam IP, maka usaha dibuat oleh pembuat dasar sama ada menghapuskan atau sekurang-kurangnya mengurangkan kurangan tersebut.
English
The balance of Payments is said to be a systematic record of all international economic
transactions during a given period of time, usually a year. The study of balance of payments represents a macroeconomic aspect of international economics. As it is based on double entry book, keeping, the balance of payments always balances in the accounting sense of the term. The current account, capital account, and financial account are the three main components of the balance of payments statement. Trade balance, current account balance, capital account balance, and overall balance are important.
The distinction between autonomous and accommodating transactions is useful in
defining equilibrium and disequilibrium in the balance of payments. Equilibrium in BOP would mean that its autonomous receipts are equal to autonomous payments. While disequilibrium in BOP means that its autonomous receipts are not equal to autonomous payments. When autonomous receipts are greater than autonomous payments there is a surplus in BOP, and when autonomous receipts are less than autonomous payments there is a deficit in BOP. Disequilibrium in the BOP can be in the form of temporary, fundamental, cyclical and structural. Disequilibrium in BOP is caused by economic, social and political factors. Disequilibrium in the form of the deficit is a matter of grave concern for the country. Hence, if the country has a deficit in its BOP, then efforts are made by policymakers to either remove or at least reduce the deficit.
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